Permutation (no repetition)
nPr = n! / (n-r)!
Ordered arrangements of r items from n items
Permutation (with repetition)
n^r
Ordered arrangements allowing repetition
Combination (no repetition)
nCr = n! / (r!(n-r)!)
Unordered selections of r items from n items
Combination (with repetition)
(n+r-1)Cr
Unordered selections allowing repetition
Factorial
n! = n × (n-1) × ... × 2 × 1
Product of all positive integers up to n